Russia’s Global Outreach and Agenda 2030: An Analysis of Progressive Policies

Khalid Taimur Akram

Russia is among one of the fastest-growing economies in the world. Progressive and sustainable in its development goals, the country has been constructively working to bring nations together via an enhanced regional integration. 

In contemporary times, Russia’s global outreach amid 2030 targets has been efficaciously adding for its socio-economic and political development. 

Russian foreign policy has been strengthening up to its present expansive phase. Moreover, its ambitions reflect through its foreign or regional policies, objectives and targets. 

It relies on more advance and transforming goals. Since the adoption of 2030 goals, Russia has reaffirmed its commitment to fulfilling the targets and advanced its civil society through progressive measures. 

Russian President, Vladimir Putin has been stressing to actively work on 2030 goals, cooperating with regional countries, and implementing joint progressive projects to ensure sustainable growth,foster economic integration, and upgraded industrial & transport infrastructure. 

Moreover,Russia has been actively expanding its capacities through foreign assistance and facilitation to developing countries. Broader assistance is also one of the essential parts of the 2030 Agenda.

Therefore, the study essentially highlights Russia's startling policy framework for sustainable growth. The article also discusses the development strategies of Russia and its constructive input in sustainable development goals (SDGs).

The 2020 Strategy and May Decrees:

Russia has adopted a well-structured and cohesive policy framework. It can be envisaged that the country under its visionary leadership will continue to pursue efficacious strategies for industrial development, environmental sustainability, technological transformation and other priorities over the decade. 

While discussing Russia’s beneficial adapted strategies, it is significant to highlight theMay Decrees.  In 2018, Russian President, His Excellency, Vladimir Putin signed a decree setting the national development targets to 2024. 

The documents set certain significant goals to be adopted for the socio-economic well-being of the state.  The Decrees’ goals reflect some of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) as well. 

The ambition is amid achieving broader goals, i.e., to ensure economic growth rates above the world’s level while keeping macroeconomic stability. 

The 2024 goals also include stabilizing and securing Information and Communications Technology (ICT) infrastructure for high-speed transmission, processing and storage of data bank easily accessible to all organizations and households.

In this aspect, the government is highly ambitious to establish and strengthen the digital economy's legal regulation system, relying on a feasible approach in each domain.

The 2017 program of ‘’Digital Economy of the Russian Federation” was designed for 2024. It is based on five aspects, i.e., normative regulation, robust education program, cybersecurity, establishing research competencies and Information Technology (IT) infrastructure. 

Most of these initiatives and broader targets have been already implemented to empower Russian progressive civil society. 

Russia’s National Project is an exceptional roadmap of state-driven investment across 12 major areas. The outlined five development goals are as follows:

·         Maintaining the population (health and well-being)

·         Providing a safe living environment

·         Facilitating effective workforce

·         Ensuring feasible business climate and enhancing entrepreneurship 

·         Technological transformation

Integration of Trilateral Dimensions of Sustainable Development and Policy Coherence:

A well-functioning, modern infrastructure is a central requirement for inclusive economic development and sustainable growth.  

The three dimensions, i.e., social, environmental and economic,have been reflected by a profound analysis of the May Decree. In this regard, Russian federal ministries and agencies are well coordinated with one another and with regional authorities to execute the adopted programs. 

Russia is a social state and always endorsed and encouraged Human and civil rights and freedoms. Since 2012, many trends have been advanced in Russia for sustainable development. 

The country has been working hard to achieve the Global SDGs by 2030. Therefore, the structural reforms have given new impetus to many sectors, especially the agriculture sector, to sustain food security. 

Therefore, as the world’s leading strategic hub and growing economy, Hunger is not an issue for Russia.According to the estimation of 2014 onwards, domestic agriculture capacity and production has been growing. 

Therefore, the country ensures not only its food security but also provide other countries with massive assistance. According to the Federal Customs Service of Russia (FCS), in 2018-2019, vegetable products’ exports were approximately$14.5 billion, weighing more than 69 million ton. This ratio indicates that the export in this sector would be further increased in the near future.

One of the Sustainable development targets is to maintain plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. In this aspect, Russia has strong expertise. 

The genetic diversity of seeds is preserved due to the Vavilov seed bank and Kuban genetic bank of seeds. Russia has the world collection of plant genetic resources, including 400 thousand samples. 

Therefore, the research institute, Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry (VIR) facilitates the production of hundreds of new species and hybrids annually. Moreover, Russia has been assisting other countries with shared knowledge through its huge expertise in the research and development (R&D) sector. 

Certain accomplishments by the Russian federation are pertinent to highlight in this area:

·         Under the prudent and dynamic leadership of President Vladimir Putin, the federation has adopted robust legislative amendments ensuring societal well-being.

·         Allocating special grants for the industrial composting of food waste.

·         Providing pervasive assistance to farmers and rural communities and advancing the agriculture sector.

·         Establishing warehouse logistics and the industrial processing of agricultural commodities, construction of storage networks.

·         Mobilizing efforts to mitigate adverse impacts of climate change on socio, political and economic fabrics of society.

·         Ensuring implementation of SDGs and maintaining low carbon footprints.

·         Supporting funds that assist vulnerable social groups.

·         Facilitating working group and leading commissions

·         Monitoring the provision of societal well-being.

Russia, one of the leading ideas of state policy is the modernization of education. Education provides easy access to education and improves its quality and efficiency. Furthermore, society’s demeanor to the future changes is cooperative and optimistic. 

Thereby, the society has welcome to extend the sphere of the educational system, focusing on the best foreign practices while adhering to sustainable development goal four ‘quality education’.

Russia and Pakistan Broader Cooperation: Prospects for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):

Since the start of the new millennium, the strategic graph of Russia-Pakistan bilateral relations has followed an upwards trajectory. Russia’s outlook towards South Asia has dramatically evolved in the past decade. 

Moscow has highlighted its “Pivot to Asia'' strategy as a central part of its Foreign Policy objectives. These objectives aim at diversifying diplomatic and economic relations with the Asian states. 

In the contemporary era, the global pendulum of the economy has shifted its course towards the Asian region.

The contemporary geopolitical setting appears to be immensely encouraging in terms of the Russia-Pakistan relationship. 

There are multiple sectors such as geo-economics, defense, information technology, counter-terrorism in which both countries can extend their cooperation and extract maximum benefits out of the alliance. 

Russia and Pakistan recognize each other's geopolitical significance, especially regarding the Afghanistan conflict's durable solution. 

Moreover, the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) provides yet another opportunity to strengthen Pak-Russia relations. Russia has announced its full support for the CPEC program. By the above mentioned profound analysis of Russian global outreach and agenda 2030, it has been clear that the country can pave the way to attain common goals together and assist Pakistan in this regard.

Therefore, Pakistan can extend its partnership with Russia to achieve global SDGs and add constructively into global alignments and cooperation. Collaboration to achieve the sustainable development goals would provide a new impetus for Pakistan and Russia to enhance their bilateral ties and foster people-to-people connectivity. 

The result-orientated policies by the visionary Russian leadership have ultimately proved to be a driving force for the amicable resolution of common global challenges and move towards regional cooperation.

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Importance of graphic design in digital marketing

Today 80% of small business owners think that graphic design is critical to the success of their business. 

They understand that graphic designs are not only meant to entice customers. You will be surprised to know that there are countless advantages of graphic design for companies. 

Graphic design can help attract, educate, inform your target audience and increase brand awareness, trust and sales when used efficiently. 

So why not use it? Take a look at the importance of web design in digital marketing and why you must use it now!

Why graphic design is a vital marketing tool for businesses?

• Use attractive graphic design to create a powerful brand impression

Studies show that 94% of consumers leave a website in seconds that has a poor web design. Therefore, not just a great first impression but leaving a lasting impression on customers is essential to boost a brand image. 

If your audience likes what they see in the first go, chances are they will stick with your brand for a long time.

Your brand’s image depends on its logo, website design, product packaging, etc. Business owners know that an excellent graphic design, including a logo, can keep audiences hooked. For example, look at the logo of Apple. It’s simple, eye-catchy, and effective.

• Graphic design passes a brand message fast

Let’s be realistic, customers today don’t have enough time or patience to go through lengthy content written on a website. 

According to research, the usual attention span of internet users is only 6.8 seconds. 

However, a graphic design expert can convert large chunks of content into fascinating images or graphics.

These graphics can pass on valuable information in a subtle way that a user will like. Attractive graphic designs are not only pleasing to the eyes, but they make content worthy of attention. 

It won’t be wrong to say that the importance of design in digital marketing is massive. Your design elements also an important factor of your digital branding. 

If you want to understand the differences between digital branding and digital marketing, you can learn more from our article.

• Stand out with the best graphic design and build a brand identity

To establish your brand’s identity, you must have something that makes you different from other businesses. 

Did you know that 92.6% of consumers have reported that their purchasing decision gets influenced by color? Yes, unique graphic design, choice of colors, layout, etc., can make your brand stand apart from the rest.

Check out how a graphic design can help to enhance a brand identity here with this example- https://masalska.myportfolio.com/stash-fine-gin

• Convey information effectively with interesting pictures

With fierce competition in every field, impressing your clients in a minute is easier said than done. 

Often, even words cannot effectively convey information within a short time. When it comes to conveying information through graphics or pictures, the importance of web design in digital marketing is massive.

A skillful graphic design can deliver accurate information in the form of reports, charts, and illustrations. Even if you have various products, a purposeful graphic design can impart valuable info with a simple and impressive design.

• Graphic design can help you win your customers

The importance of graphic design in digital marketing is not just limited to attracting customers with intriguing visuals. 

A decent graphic design allows businesses to make their audience understand and gain confidence in their brand. Today 60.8% of digital marketers believe that visuals are a vital component of profitable marketing.

Strategic design bridges the gap between business and the user, the possibilities of making a purchase increases. Result? Good brand image, loyal customers, & more sales.

• Strategic graphic designing means higher conversion and better ROI

Today 73% of companies invest in design to help their brand stay ahead of competitors. 

Why? The answer is simple. As mentioned earlier, an outstanding graphic design for businesses can help them build trust and gain higher visibility.

Result? Better visibility means an increase in the chances of higher conversions. The equation is simple. If your customers believe in your brand and are attracted to your products, improvement in sales and revenue is certain. 

Influential graphic designs, therefore, attract more consumers to a brand’s website. Plus, they increase the probability of conversions.

• Benefits of easy navigation

Enhancing the user experience when customers visit your website is vital for your business. Customized graphic elements is a strategy that always helps in improving navigation and boosting usability. 

Along with getting aesthetic pleasure from viewing a stylish visual element, these graphics help customers easily navigate through the website and help in conversions.

•  Appealing graphic design can make your content shine

As the significance of authentic content, the importance of design in digital marketing is worth praising too. 

Professional graphic designers know that the purpose of a graphic designer is not to divert the customers’ attention to the color or design but the content.

A design should be such that the customer will read the content first. Graphic designs with multiple images or text content can appear cluttered, and reads may ignore it. Therefore, a creative graphic design always focuses on making content clear, understandable, and helpful.

• Effective graphic design can boost the visibility of your campaigns

If you surf the web, you will find hundreds of marketing campaigns running today. While some will grab your attention, you may spend less than 30 seconds on the one that is not attractive. 

Now, this means you only get a few seconds to impress the customers. Therefore, with the digital market becoming a competitive space, the only way to make your brand stand out is with stunning graphics.

By now, you must have understood the importance of graphic design in digital marketing. Therefore, do not forget to utilize graphic design in the best way possible to establish your brand identity and boost profit. 

Remember, the perfect graphic design gives tremendous support to your business. If you want to focus on web design and boost your brand online you can get help from the best online web design courses at DAN Institute.

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COURTESY daninstitute

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Can University Produce Dervish?

Shazia Anwer Cheema

All is set for establishing Research Hubs for promotion of Sufism, science, and technology all over Punjab, and first of its kind is already inaugurated in Lahore.

The name of Center is after Moroccan Sufi Abu al-Hasan ash-Shadhili who is also known as Sheikh al-Shadhili. He was the founder of the Shadhili Sufi order.

In the subcontinent, popular Sufi Silsalas (Orders) are Chishti Order, Naqshbandi Order, and Qadiriyya Order.  While Shadhili Order has been popular in the Maghreb and Egypt.

Available areas of work of this center include research on Islam, Sufism, religious thought, interfaith harmony, and modern sciences like science and technology.

The center will be linked with shelter homes, child protection bureaus, prisons, particularly women and juvenile jails, schools, colleges, universities, public, private, and religious educational institutions. The center would provide access to international libraries like Jstor, Oxford, and Cambridge.

This is pleasant news that such 380 degrees Center would be operational in Lahore offering course and degrees to masters and Ph.D. students.

Teaching religious thoughts interfaith harmony, theology, the competitive study of religions can be found in several universities of Punjab but this Center will also offer degrees in Sufism.

For my understanding can Sufism be taught in a semestral system, being divided into module/credit hours? I surf around and find few universities having Sufism Departments, mainly Islamic studies and Sufism.

While looking for a course outline I find out that only the theoretical background of Sufism is being taught.

The prominent books in Sufism tradition and important figures introduction has been given. So for my knowledge is concerns Sufism is a journey that sometimes finds a destination and most of the time this journey is endless because Truth is not simple to examine if found. Sufi goes through the process of Kashf (unveiling) in this journey.

Kashf defines the state of experiencing an individual divine disclosure of Truth after ascending through spiritual struggles, and unveiling what has not been see-through simple practicing of religion.

Kashf is etymologically linked to Mukashafa (disclosure). Disclosure is knowledge of things unseen behind the veils. The veil is blurriness between the accepted truth and the real truth.

Sufi believes that whatever truth we know around us is Approximate Truth while the Truth is hidden and only purified hearts can find it.

There is no fixed rule or process to find Truth in Sufism. Different Sufis had explained different stages and processes.

Truth is found after going through stages (Manazal) and stations (Paraho or Astana), different schools of thought have marked different kinds of Manazal. Ishq (love) is the first requirement for the exploration of truth and Ishq needs total submission to beloved.

Most important and acceptable stages starting from Tawba (Repentance), it goes through different stations of the inner voyage including the Wara’ (Watchfulness), Zuhd (Renunciation), Faqr (Poverty), Ṣabr (Patience), Tawakkul (Trust), Riḍā (Satisfaction), Comparison to Ḥāl (Spiritual State) and Qualifications (Wasf— Maqqm–Station).

How can mentioned stages of Sufism be taught and attain in a span of two, three or even five years?  If yes, then how?

How one can learn in a classroom setting Tawabah repentance, how stages and components of repentance could be examined afterward?

To my understanding Sufism is the training of a lifetime, no institution can make one a Sufi, second for adhering to Sufism one does not need a controlled and contrived setting.

My concern is that we are far away from the good old days where acceptance level was equal to being humane.

Millions have been spent to make us what we are today, intolerant, obsessive, and impulsive and tons of knowledge has been poured into our brains to make us anything but unlike a Sufi during the last forty-plus years.

Who is going to tie the bell now by claiming that Sufism is a better institution? Who will debate about Treqat, and Shareyat?  Who will put his/her head under the sword of wahtat ul shahood and wahtat ul wajood?

Even historically Sufism is considered an Ajmi Ideology and always parallel and sometimes crossing to another Islamic sect.

I have no doubt we need Sufism to simmer down but I am on square one again; how? If by opening a university or academy, as an academic myself I am sure that Sufism cannot be taught in modules, in prescribed time with a defined outline.

South Asian society is always considered the land of Sufis and Darvishes, this is another story of how it has been changed systematically over the last few decades.

In my humble opinion, we are far away from the point of becoming Sufis, Faqr and Darvish have been replaced with imposition and impatience. If somehow it could be reversed and in my lifetime I will be the luckiest person.

 

Note: The writer Shazia Cheema is an analyst writing for national and international media outlets. She can be reached at her: Twitter @ShaziaAnwerCh  Email: shaziaanwer@yahoo.com

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Afghanistan and Pakistan’s national security - Dr. Mehmood Ul Hassan Khan

Dr. Mehmood Ul Hassan Khan

Capital of Pakistan has become hotspot because of widening “vacuum” and “deteriorating” law and order situation in Afghanistan.

There were flurry of predictions that the Taliban would move quickly to overrun government outposts, seize regional cities, and ignite a broader civil war or march on Kabul to topple the government and they lived up to this expectation. 

Taliban has now started their “victory march” toward Kabul. Violence and sabotage activities in numerous parts of Afghanistan have immensely increased which showed “inability” of Afghan government to tackle the “onslaught” of Taliban.

Constant geographical “marginalization” of Afghan government has forced it to use “dirty tactics” for “face-saving”.

Afghan National Security advisor crossed all limits of diplomatic norms, engagements and decency and termed Pakistan a brothel house which has now worsened diplomatic channels between Pakistan and Afghanistan.         

Moreover, alleged visit of CIA Director William Burns to Pakistan has opened a “hot debate” in local as well as international media. The New York Times (June 6, 2021) claimed that Mr Burns had travelled to Pakistan for meetings with Army Chief Gen Qamar Javed Bajwa and ISI Director General Lt Gen Faiz Hamid to explore the possibility of counterterrorism cooperation between the two sides.

The Central Intelligence Agency is said to be looking for bases around Afghanistan from where it could gather intelligence on Afghanistan and execute counterterrorism strikes after the completion of troop withdrawal from there.

In this context, the government of Pakistan clearly conveyed its decision not to host the spy agency’s drone bases on its territory.

However, US National Security Adviser Jake Sullivan, responded that US sought a drone base in Pakistan and had constructive discussions in the military, intelligence and diplomatic channels with Pakistan about the future of America’s capabilities to ensure that Afghanistan never again becomes a base from which Al Qaeda rises or any other terrorist group can attack the United States.

Moreover, most recent visit of the US deputy head of mission to Gwadar indicated suspicious scheme of arrangements.  Even South China Morning Post (June 1, 2021) upheld the possibility of US bases in Pakistan after its withdrawal from Afghanistan.

Taliban allegedly supported by Russia, China and even Iran have already strictly warned all the regional countries about any kind of military “facilitation” with the CIA including drone bases. Russia has already snubbed Central Asian Countries to stay away from the US fatal trap.

Rise in violence, sabotage activities and acts of terrorism against armed forces of Pakistan in Balochistan and FATA have verified start of new bloodily spillover repercussions of Afghanistan on Pakistan.    

Conversely, diplomatic circle confirmed that Russia and China have already conveyed their displeasure, dissatisfaction and disbelief to Islamabad about allegedly ongoing serious engagements on US bases.

In the near past, discussions between Pakistan and the US on issue of bases have taken place at multiple levels between Foreign Minister Shah Mahmood Qureshi and Secretary of State Antony Blinken, NSA Moeed Yusuf and his American counterpart Jake Sullivan, Gen Bajwa and Defence Secretary Lloyd Austin, COAS/DG ISI and CIA chief, and the army chief and the US charge d’affaires.

Officials said the CIA chief wanted to meet Prime Minister Imran Khan, but was plainly told that only counterpart meeting between heads of government of the two countries was possible.

Foreign Minister Shah Mehmood Qureshi told the US that it would not give military bases because the country has to look after its own interests.

Prime Minister Imran Khan has already warned of resulting turmoil a day after Washington said almost half of U.S. troops and equipment had been sent home or destroyed since the drawdown formally began on May 1. He termed political settlement and stability in Afghanistan after Americans withdrawal.

The prime minister also said Pakistan fears terrorism will rise without a political settlement.

Islamabad maintains that anti-state militants have taken refuge in Afghan territory after fleeing Pakistani security operations and continue to plot cross-border terrorist attacks from there.

For its part, the Kabul government accuses Pakistan of covertly supporting the Taliban and allowing insurgent leaders to direct violence inside Afghanistan, allegations Pakistani officials deny.

Islamabad does not have any favour in Afghanistan because a Taliban total victory in Afghanistan may create strategic imbalance in the region and accordingly changed country’s ties with USA and China.  Pakistan’s security establishment supports “Afghan Own & Afghan Led” policy.

According to the latest situation report the Kabul government still controls 50 per cent of the country while Taliban holds sway over 30 per cent and the contest between the two for the rest of the 20 per cent is getting fiercer with government troops clearly on the run.

Pakistan has genuine fears that if warring parties in Afghanistan fail to reach a peace arrangement, anarchy will erupt in the turmoil-hit neighbour after the withdrawal of the United States and allied troops, threatening regional stability.

According to a United Nations report (June 2021) a significant part of the Al-Qaeda leadership resides in the Afghanistan and Pakistan region, including the group's leader Ayman al-Zawahiri, who is probably alive.

The Afghan government has longstanding reservations that Pakistan may be using the Afghan Taliban as a proxy but Islamabad has its own list of grievances such as a nexus between Afghan intelligence agency and anti-Pakistan terrorist groups operating out of Afghanistan.

Interestingly, the Turkish government has agreed to take over responsibility for Kabul’s international airport in a $130 million deal with NATO.

The deal is likely to be widely welcomed after weeks of uncertainty over the Turkish government’s continued commitment to defending Hamid Karzai International Airport.

It will provide assurances to the international community and it is a better solution because the Taliban have never attacked the Turks.

President Joe Biden announcement of US withdraw America’s 2,500 combat troops from Afghanistan before Sept. 11, 2021 started divergent and conflicting strategic orientations. Supporters termed it closing the book on America’s longest war.

Meanwhile, critics denounced the decision as reckless and dangerous. Former secretary of state Hillary Clinton warned it could have huge consequences including a surge in global terrorism and a Taliban takeover of Afghanistan. 

Being prominent regional geopolitical expert I suggest that policy makers should immediately initiate series of strategic meetings/dialogues with all the important countries, Russia, China, Turkey, Iran and Uzbekistan and follows a holistic and participatory regional scheme of engagement otherwise, Pakistan would be in awakened position.

Trump card is in favour of Pakistan because the government and establishment seem to be on same page.

Any misappropriation or out of the box arrangement or strategic concessional agreement would create strategic imbalance in the region which would ultimately harm country’s economic prosperity in terms of CPEC, energy cooperation (Intergovernmental Agreement (IGA) on North-South Gas Pipeline Project, Russian) and regional connectivity.

Moreover, spoilers have their own agenda which needs to be minimized through collective political consultations with the country, region and beyond. USA unfortunately desires instability and deterioration of law & order in Afghanistan for its own military presence justification in the region.

Thus complex regional power politics should be tackled through wisdom and maturity and not by playing for press gallery.

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COURTESY ednews.net

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Need for Learning Tourism and Hospitality Management in Higher Education of Pakistan: A Proposal

Munaza Kazmi

In the last couple of years, tourism has become an important sector that could have a great impact on the development of Pakistan’seconomy. 

The main benefits of tourism are income creation, the country’s goodwill and obviously generation of jobs. For many places, like Malaysia, Dubai and Thailand etc. tourism is the most important source of welfare. 

It’s a known fact that Pakistan has so much to show to the world, but still it considered as lonely planet but due to the initiates done by recent government, there seems a hope for a good change. 

Therefore, it is appropriate time for Pakistan to respond to this importance proportionally, by developing the necessary infrastructure and increasing their abilities to supply the needs of upcoming tourists from around the globe.

That’s where the importance and need for inclusion of hospitality tourism and lies as well.

Tourism impacts environments and people on a socio-cultural aspect. It impacts the lifestyles and cultures of both residents and visitors. 

Hence, it’s imperative to learn about the cultures and traditions of other societies and the ways of being hospitable to manage the business soundly.  

A degree in Hospitality and Tourism Management can help in business management, marketing fundamentals, human resources, project management, sustainability, cross-cultural awareness and diversity.

More importantly this can help learning about sustainable tourism and how to mitigate the negative impacts of travel on the environment. 

With more and more people travelling each year, it’s important to understand the impact this could have on cultures, communities and on broader perspective our planet. 

Tourism has the potential to make the world a better place by bringing economic benefits to poorer destinations and keeping tourist hotspot flourishing. 

By learn about hospitality and tourismone can contribute to the creation of jobs with fair wages and environmental protection.

Moreover, Hospitality and tourism are among the hardest industries hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. 

While the world is beginning to open up again, things are far from the same. As a result, hotels, restaurants, theme parks, and other venues will have to adjust to everything from new consumer behaviors to altered operational practices.

Subsequently, new travelers and new travel preferences will require tourism executives to review and even rewrite the ways in which their enterprises are managed.

Even prior to COVID, the hospitality and tourism sector was undergoing rapid change. 

Now, the industry is being forced to pivot yet again with the responsibility for managing the transition landing on its leaders. 

Specifically, it will mandate the acquisition of new skills, including digital expertise, cognitive skills for redesign and innovation, and social and emotional skills toward collaboration, management and communication. 

Meanwhile, “soft skills,” such as adaptability and resilience will also be essential.

Bear in mind that by being part of such an industry, you are directly contributing to the revitalization and preservation of local traditions, customs, cultural life, handicrafts, arts, culture, artists, identity and heritage, renewal of local architectural traditions. 

Not all heroes wear capes, they say. Sometimes they simply belong to an industry that induces change, drives economies, or preserves history and culture, with advance education we can provide our hero’s with the magical wands.

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Munaza Kazmi has recently done Master of Philosophy from Bahria University Islamabad. Her debut novel is Unrequited Love.

She’s an author, columnist writing in different newspapers and a researcher having seven publications till yet, she’s been writing since 2016.

You can connect to Kazmi at twitter @munaza_kazmi or on research gate as munaza kazmi.

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